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Table 1 Participant background and characteristics

From: The effect of implementing cognitive load theory-based design principles in virtual reality simulation training of surgical skills: a randomized controlled trial

Participant characteristic

Control group, mean

95 % CI

Intervention group, mean

95 % CI

p

Age (years)

22.9

21.3–24.4

25.9

23.5–28.2

0.02*

Sex

     

 Male (%)

33 %

 

25 %

 

0.73

 Female (%)

67 %

 

75 %

 

Semester

6.1

4.2–8.0

8.8

6.0–11.5

0.08

Average time on a computer/week (hours)

14.3

8.9–19.7

13.2

6.3–20.2

0.78

Self-rated computer skills (1–7, Likert like scale)

4.7

4.0–5.3

4.3

3.2–5.3

0.49

Current gaming frequency (1–5, Likert like scale)

2.3

1.1–3.6

1.7

0.8–2.5

0.33

  1. p values calculated with analysis of variance (ANOVA)
  2. *Significant at the <0.05 level