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Table 1 Comparison of simulation-based activities to evaluate systems and processes versus simulation-based activities to evaluate architectural design

From: SAFEE: A Debriefing Tool to Identify Latent Conditions in Simulation-based Hospital Design Testing

 

Simulation-based activities to evaluate systems and processes

Simulation-based activities to evaluate architectural design

Conceptual framework

SEIPS 2.0; all components of the work system

SEIPS 2.0; a single component of the work system

Testing focus

Systems and process

Environment

Scenario facilitation

Tasks and care process driven by participant medical decision making

Facilitator directed completion of tasks and care activities

Facilitator must understand evidence-based safe design principles and the architectural design of the clinical space being tested

Testing objectives

High-risk and high-impact changes identified by stakeholders

Design elements defined by evidence-based safe design principles

Debriefing team

Participants: front line staff

Stakeholders: physician directors, nursing or respiratory therapy managers, and/or nurse educators.

System stakeholders: representation from quality and patient safety, information and technology, infection control, and accreditation

Participants: front line staff

Stakeholders: physician directors, nursing or respiratory therapy managers, and/or nurse educators.

System stakeholders: representation from quality and patient safety, information and technology, infection control, and accreditation

Architects

Opportunities for improvement

Driven by participant knowledge and experience to propose solutions to remedy system and process deficiencies

Examples: operational readiness, transition planning, process improvement, improvements related to people, organization, and technologies, tools, tasks, and environment

Relies on the architect team to devise design alternatives and solutions

Architects elicit feedback from clinicians regarding clinical needs and preferences

Examples: architectural modification, future administration, and operational planning