Table 5 Factors and sample questions on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory [16, 20]
Subscale | Sample item | Known correlations |
|---|---|---|
Past positive perspective | “On balance, there is much more good to recall than bad in my past” | Warm attitude toward the past |
Past negative perspective | “I often think of what I should have done differently in my life” | Depression, unhappiness, low self-esteem, anxiety |
Present hedonistic perspective | “I believe that getting together with one’s friend to party is one of life’s important pleasures” | Novelty-seeking, sensations seeking, and ego under-control |
Present fatalistic perspective | “Fate determines much in my life” | “Future is predestined and uninfluenced by individual action” |
Future perspective | “I believe a person’s day should be planned ahead each morning” | Conscientiousness, consideration of future consequences, number of hours spent studying per week |