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Past positive perspective
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“On balance, there is much more good to recall than bad in my past”
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Warm attitude toward the past
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Past negative perspective
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“I often think of what I should have done differently in my life”
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Depression, unhappiness, low self-esteem, anxiety
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Present hedonistic perspective
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“I believe that getting together with one’s friend to party is one of life’s important pleasures”
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Novelty-seeking, sensations seeking, and ego under-control
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Present fatalistic perspective
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“Fate determines much in my life”
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“Future is predestined and uninfluenced by individual action”
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Future perspective
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“I believe a person’s day should be planned ahead each morning”
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Conscientiousness, consideration of future consequences, number of hours spent studying per week
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