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Table 5 Outcome measures and methods of assessment

From: Virtual reality simulation—the future of orthopaedic training? A systematic review and narrative analysis

 

No. of studies

Outcomes

 

 Time to complete task

10

 GRS

6

 Procedure-specific checklist

5

 Path length (camera)

3

 Screw placement

3

 Path length (probe)

2

 Tissue damage

2

 Motion analysis

2

 ASSET

1

 OSATS

1

 GOALS

1

 Number of collisions

1

 Total fluoroscopy time

1

 Number of guidewire attempts

1

 Accuracy of drawn fracture lines

1

 Screw choice

1

 Injury grading index

1

Method of assessment

 

 Cadaver

7

 VR Simulator

5

 Benchtop simulator (SawBones)

5

 Operating room (live patient)

2