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Table 1 Framework for enablers of psychological safety in healthcare adapted from O’Donovan et al. [7]

From: Taking simulation out of its “safe container”—exploring the bidirectional impacts of psychological safety and simulation in an emergency department

Individual

Team

Organizational

-Professional responsibility

-Individual differences

-Leader behavioural integrity

-Status, hierarchy, and inclusiveness

-Peer support

-Leader support

-Change oriented leadership

-Familiarity with leader

-Familiarity with team members

-Safety culture

-Continuous improvement culture

-Organizational support

-Familiarity across teams