Table 3 Categories, indicators and illustrative quotations for teacher presence
Categories | Indicators | Example quotation |
|---|---|---|
Design and organisation | Setting curriculum and methods | 1. “The topics covered in the workshop are of great importance and the demonstration made every point clear as to how each step has to be taken” M53 |
2. “The choice of topics was good because PPH is the most common emergency we see in practice” N18 | ||
Stepped learning | 3. “I found it easy to learn when every step was demonstrated clearly” M26 | |
4. “Any procedure can be learnt better if shown step by step…it helps students remember each step when performing the procedure in future” N82 | ||
Developing familiarity via repetition | 5. “I would attend another workshop because I may forget what was taught in a few months. Repeating the same workshop will help me remember” M39 | |
6. “Practicing the same scenario again and again helps us to manage an emergency in real-life easily” N73 | ||
Facilitating discourse | Creating opportunities for learning for all participants | 7. “The teachers made sure everyone got a chance to speak up so every person could benefit” M6 |
8. “The interaction with each other and sharing experiences meant that everyone got the opportunity to learn” N38 | ||
Collective learning | 9. “I believe it was very smart to include both medical and nursing students. This was we can get to know each other’s views and benefit from each other’s knowledge” M61 | |
10. “This (inter-professional learning) was the best part of the workshop. Nurses and doctors have a different approach. Learning together makes the combination of both skills a great experience” N26 | ||
Direct instruction | Assigning roles and responsibilities | 11. “Division of work is an important aspect while managing the patient. Every person has a particular role to play. I saw the senior doctor become the leader and assign roles to each team member” M28 |
12. “The work was equally distributed as per each team member’s skill. This made the critical situation easier to manage” N46 | ||
Demonstrating technical skills | 13. “Dr XYZ showed how to perform a normal birth and manage PPH. Each step and manoeuvre was clearly demonstrated” M18 | |
14. “Although it was difficult to see each manoeuvre in shoulder dystocia clearly, the person named each step so we could know what they were doing” N23 | ||
Focusing direction | 15. “At times, a person from a specific profession may be clueless when some in-depth discussion begins on a specific topic that they don’t know much about. This is when the teachers did an appreciable job to move the discussion back to the team.” M45 | |
16. “The instructions from the teachers gave clear direction to the students” N83 |