Team debriefing in the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of a hospital-wide clinical event debriefing program and a novel qualitative model to analyze debriefing content

Table 1 Relative frequency of themes and subthemes in the clinical event debriefing discussions

IMOID category: Theme	Subtheme	Frequency
IMOID category: Theme	Subtheme	Plus comments	Delta comments
Input: Access to supplies	PPE issues	−	++
Input: Access to supplies	Other equipment issues	−	++
Input: Team members	Availability of team roles	+++	++++
Input: Clinical standards	Adherence	+	+++
	Confusion or lack of awareness	−	++
	Educational opportunity	−	+
Mediator: Education	Point-of-care education	++	++
Mediator: Communication: intra-team	Acoustics and clarity	+	+
	Communication between zones	+	++
	Communication within a zone	−	++
	Documentation	−	+
Mediator: Coordination: intra-team	Minimizing team exposure opportunities	++++	++++
Mediator: Communication: between teams	Handoffs	++	+
	Multiple communications	+	++
	COVID-status communication between teams	+	+
	Under-communication	−	++
Mediator Coordination: between teams	Coordination between teams	−	+
Mediator: Situational awareness	Anticipation and readiness	++++	+
Mediator: Situational awareness	Mental model and comprehension	+++	-
Mediator: Leadership	Leadership behaviors	+	+
Output: Quality domains	Patient centeredness, safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, and equity	*	*
Output: Family experience	Familial interactions with patient and healthcare providers	++	+
Output: Team wellness	Staff comfort	+	+
Output: Team wellness	Emotions	−	+
Input-debriefing: Debriefing experience	Debriefing process	+	−

− (Not mentioned), + (mentioned 1–4 times), ++ (mentioned 5–8 times), +++ (mentioned 9–12 times), ++++ (mentioned > 12 times)
*The quality domain frequency of comments was not specifically noted because the workgroup deemed that almost every debriefing comment made reference to one of the six Institute of Medicine Domains of Health Care Quality (safety, timeliness, patient-centeredness, efficiency, effectiveness, equity)

ISSN: 2059-0628