Task Management
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Planning and Preparing
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Starting to intubate the patient, while the intubation materials are not prepared
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Timely preparation of medication (e.g., Amiodarone) before needing to administer it
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Prioritizing
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Actively attending to the patients family member during complicated tasks
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Mentioning the order in which tasks need to be performed (i.e., after defibrillation, I would like to intubate the patient)
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Providing and Maintaining Standards
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Not checking whether anyone touches the bed while defibrillating
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Double check of medication
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Identifying and Utilizing Resources
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Not checking the capabilities of the co-workers and therefore not making use of their skills
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Call for the resuscitation team
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Team Working
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Coordinating Activities with Team
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Not giving specific orders to one person, but giving several tasks to the whole team in general
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Asking the team members who they are, e.g., are you the intern?
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Exchanging Information
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Starting with tasks without explaining what s/he is doing and why s/he is doing the task
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Mentioning the patients status, e.g., we need to resuscitate the patient
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Using Authority and Assertiveness
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Forgets to give team members tasks and tries to perform all the tasks him/herself
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Clearly indicates the next steps and who needs to perform which tasks, e.g., if we still do not have a sinus rhythm after defibrillation, I want you to prepare 300 mg adrenaline.
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Assessing Capabilities
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Gives orders to the intern, without checking whether s/he has sufficient knowledge to perform the task correctly
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Asking the intern whether s/he knows how to give basic life support?
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Supporting Others
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Negative or defensive tone when answering the team members’ questions
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Complimenting team members
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Situation Awareness
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Gathering Information
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Actively conducting tasks while not paying attention to the patient’s situation
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Regularly checking the monitor, asking team members what they know about the patient
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Recognizing and Understanding
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Not noticing that the patient is intubated incorrectly
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Immediately recognizing that the patient needs to be resuscitated
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Anticipating
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Not preparing for potential problems or possible next steps
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Mentioning the next steps, e.g., in 2 min, we will defibrillate again; until then, I would like you to call the on-call cardiologist.
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Decision Making
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Identifying Options
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Not mentioning options when decisions need to be made
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Considering reasons why the patient has a VT/VF
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Balancing Risks and Selecting Options
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No verbal considerations about the options and risks of the options
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Initiates discussion on what to do next
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Re-evaluating
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Does not show any verbal re-evaluation of the situation
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Evaluates the situation and considers treatment options
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