Table 1 Categories, indicators and illustrative quotations for cognitive presence
Categories | Indicators | Example quotation |
|---|---|---|
Triggering event | Novelty | 1. “This was my first online workshop. I found this very new and interesting. Initially I felt that live is much more effective but at the end of the workshop, I found I had learned many new skills” M71 |
2. “The online experience was very new, but it was a good way to gain experience” N34 | ||
Sense of puzzlement | 3. “I have not started clinical practice, so I don’t have much experience. This was my first time learning how to resuscitate a newborn. When the baby was delivered and needed resuscitation, I was looking for signals that the right procedure was being done.” N34 | |
Visualisation | 4. “It felt like a real labour room” M28 | |
5. “The visual representation leaves a better memory and will help my future practice” N82 | ||
Exploration | Information exchange | 6. “Interprofessional exchange of thoughts and information occurred on a common emergency situation in labour ward.” M30 |
Learning different strategies | 7. “The doctors and nurses checked repeatedly if the patient’s condition was improving. They used a wide range of problem-solving approaches to manage the condition” N24 | |
Establishing common goals | 8. “Whether it is medical or nursing, we can’t achieve the goals without all team members knowledge of the goal” M41 | |
9. “It was helpful to see an ideal system where nurses and doctors all worked together towards a common goal” N27 | ||
Using all available resources | 10. “We have seen how to use whatever we have available in our hospital. And to get help from all staff” M26 | |
11. “I will check what resources I have wherever I work. This will help me manage complex situations better” N10 | ||
Integration | Connecting ideas | 12. “We come to know about different solutions to the same problem and use a wide range of approaches. Multiple thoughts and queries can be exchanged which widens our minds to different ideas.” M21 |
Team connection | 13. “Teamwork is the key to any emergency. The team members worked collaboratively in the emergency” M32 | |
14. “The team worked together, did everything in the right sequence. They helped each other with the tasks” N51 | ||
15. “Division of work is an important aspect while managing a patient. But the team has to stay connected while doing this” N30 | ||
Connecting with the leader | 16. “Every team member was completely aware of his job. They were willing to listen to the leader and respond to their requests” M47 | |
17. “The leader assigned the task, and everyone did their allocated task” N2 | ||
Resolution | Apply new ideas | 18. “Only when we know what is normal can we recognise when things are not normal. After this workshop, I realised the importance of knowing normal first” M29 |
19. “I learned a lot of new skills that I will be able to use in practice” N73 | ||
Learning to re-evaluate | 20. “When a particular approach did not work, I saw the team pause and review what they should do next” M32 | |
21. “The paediatric doctor checked baby’s heart rate and breathing many times. This helped him decide what to do next” N14 | ||
Learner becomes the educator | 22. “This will help me for future quality of patient care. It has improved my knowledge and I can use this to teach others.” M3 | |
23. “I am a student nurse now but when I am senior, I can use what I have learned today to teach my juniors” N87 |