Table 6 Potential errors, effects, and bias in simulation-based summative assessment [109, 110]
From: Simulation-based summative assessment in healthcare: an overview of key principles for practice
Type of error | Error description |
|---|---|
Error of homogenization | Tendency to rate neither too good or too bad, making discrimination more difficult |
Halo effect | Tendency to see everything right or wrong in the same performance |
Time effect | Bias related to observations of early or late good or bad performance during sessions |
Bias of “clemency” | Willingness not to give bad grades |
Repository error | Judgment based on what the rater would have done and not on the assessment tool |
Group effect | Evaluation based on the team’s performance rather than the participant’s performance |