Table 5 Outcome measures

I. Debriefing quality (assessed either by learners themselves or by observers)

II. Individual or group performance or competence (assessed by observers rating skills, knowledge, or behaviours)

III. Learner self-confidence or self-assessed competence covering a range of skills and behaviours

IV. Learner satisfaction or experience with the simulation or debriefing modality

V. Debriefing content via qualitative data analysis using a constant comparison method